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TOROW Function
Summary
The TOROW function transforms any array or range into a single horizontal row, making it perfect for data reshaping and dynamic array operations in modern Excel.
Syntax
TOROW(array, [ignore], [scan_by_column])Parameters
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| array | Array/Range |
Yes | Input array or range to reshape into single row |
| ignore | Number |
No | 0=keep all, 1=ignore blanks, 2=ignore errors, 3=ignore both |
| scan_by_column | Boolean |
No | TRUE=column-wise scan, FALSE/FALSE=row-wise scan (default) |
Using the TOROW Function
TOROW excels at reshaping complex arrays into single rows for reports, dashboards, and data consolidation. Use it to flatten multi-row datasets horizontally while controlling exactly how blanks and errors are handled during the transformation.
Common TOROW Examples
Basic Row Conversion
=TOROW(A2:D4)Flattens 3x4 name array into single row: Ben, Peter, Mary, Sam, John, Hillary, Jenny, James, Agnes, Harry, Felicity, Joe
Ignore Blank Cells
=TOROW(A2:D4,1)Same array but skips empty cells, producing cleaner output without gaps
Column-wise Scanning
=TOROW(A2:D4,,TRUE)Reads array vertically by column instead of horizontally by row
Ignore Errors
=TOROW(A2:D4,2)Skips formula errors in source data, preventing error propagation
Frequently Asked Questions
Common Errors and Solutions
#VALUE!
Cause: Array constant contains non-whole numbers
Solution: Use only whole numbers (0,1,2,3) for ignore parameter
#NUM!
Cause: Input array too large for Excel
Solution: Reduce array size or use different approach
#SPILL!
Cause: Output area blocked by data
Solution: Clear space where dynamic array will spill
Notes
- Available only in Excel 365 and Excel 2021
- Outputs dynamic array that automatically spills
- Maximum array size limitations apply
- Combines powerfully with TOCOL, TAKE, DROP functions
Compatibility
Available in: Excel 365, Excel 2021
Not available in: Excel 2019, Excel 2016, Excel 2013, Excel 2010, Excel 2007
Content last reviewed: December 9, 2025
Update frequency: As needed
Excel versions tested: Excel 365, Excel 2021