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RANDBETWEEN Function

Excel 2007+

Summary

The RANDBETWEEN function generates a random integer within a specified range, from a minimum bottom value to a maximum top value. Every time the worksheet recalculates, it produces a fresh random integer, making it perfect for simulations, testing, and random data generation.

Syntax

RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
bottom	`Integer`	Yes	Minimum integer boundary (inclusive) - the lowest possible result
top	`Integer`	Yes	Maximum integer boundary (inclusive) - the highest possible result

Using the RANDBETWEEN Function

RANDBETWEEN is ideal for creating random samples, test data, simulations, and randomized lists. Use it to generate random integers for lottery simulations, employee assignments, priority rankings, or any scenario requiring random whole numbers within defined limits.

Common RANDBETWEEN Examples

Basic Random Number Generator

=RANDBETWEEN(1,100)

Generates a random integer between 1 and 100. Perfect for lottery numbers or random selection.

Negative Range Example

=RANDBETWEEN(-10,10)

Creates random integers from -10 to 10, useful for simulating gains/losses or temperature variations.

Random Priority Assignment

=RANDBETWEEN(1,5)

Assigns random priorities (1=highest, 5=lowest) for task management.

Frequently Asked Questions

No, it generates a new random integer every time the worksheet recalculates (F9, new data entry, etc.).

No, it only returns whole integers between bottom and top values.

Excel returns a #NUM! error. Always ensure bottom ≤ top.

Common Errors and Solutions

#NUM! Error

Cause: Bottom value is greater than top value

Solution: Ensure bottom ≤ top and both are valid integers

Unexpected recalculation

Cause: New random numbers appear when editing sheet

Solution: This is normal behavior. Copy > Paste Special > Values to freeze results

Notes

RANDBETWEEN recalculates whenever F9 is pressed or sheet changes
To freeze random numbers, copy and Paste Special > Values
Use with RAND() for decimal random numbers
Maximum range is limited by Excel's integer limits (±2^15)

Compatibility

Available in: Excel 2007, Excel 2010, Excel 2013, Excel 2016, Excel 2019, Excel 2021, Microsoft 365

Not available in: Excel 2003 and earlier

Content last reviewed: December 9, 2025
Update frequency: As needed
Excel versions tested: Excel 2007+