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CUMPRINC Function

Excel 2007+

Summary

The CUMPRINC function calculates the total principal portion paid on a loan between two specified payment periods. Essential for loan amortization analysis and financial planning.

Syntax

CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)

Parameters

Parameter Type Required Description
rate Number Yes Interest rate per period (e.g., annual rate/12 for monthly)
nper Number Yes Total payment periods (e.g., years*12 for monthly)
pv Number Yes Loan principal amount (positive value)
start_period Number Yes Starting period number (must be ≥1)
end_period Number Yes Ending period number (must be ≥ start_period)
type Number Yes Payment timing: 0=end of period, 1=beginning of period

Using the CUMPRINC Function

Use CUMPRINC to track how much of your loan payments go toward principal over specific time ranges. Perfect for creating amortization schedules, understanding loan payoff timelines, and financial forecasting.

Common CUMPRINC Examples

Principal Paid in Second Year of Mortgage

=CUMPRINC(A2/12,A3*12,A4,13,24,0)

Calculates principal paid between months 13-24 (second year) for a 30-year mortgage at 9% interest. Result: -934.11 (negative indicates payment outflow).

Principal in First Payment

=CUMPRINC(A2/12,A3*12,A4,1,1,0)

Shows principal portion of very first monthly payment. Result: -68.28.

Frequently Asked Questions

Negative values represent cash outflow (payments made). Use ABS() function if you need positive principal amounts.

Divide annual rate by 12: =annual_rate/12

CUMPRINC returns principal paid; CUMIPMT returns interest paid over the same periods.

Common Errors and Solutions

#NUM!

Cause: rate ≤ 0, nper ≤ 0, pv ≤ 0, or invalid period values

Solution: Verify all inputs are positive and start_period ≤ end_period

#NUM!

Cause: type is not 0 or 1

Solution: Use only 0 (end-of-period) or 1 (beginning-of-period)

#VALUE!

Cause: Non-numeric arguments

Solution: Ensure all parameters contain valid numbers

Notes

  • Always match rate and nper units (monthly rate with monthly periods)
  • Payment periods start at 1, not 0
  • Negative results are normal for borrower perspective
  • Use with IPMT and PPMT for complete amortization analysis

Compatibility

Available in: Excel 2007, Excel 2010, Excel 2013, Excel 2016, Excel 2019, Excel 2021, Excel for Microsoft 365, Excel for Web

Not available in: Excel 2003, Excel XP, Excel 2000, Excel 97

Content last reviewed: December 9, 2025
Update frequency: As needed
Excel versions tested: Excel 2007+